kilasan memoir
Sunday, February 8, 2009
Glossary - biology term (thank you because share it)
Toxin: A poisonous substance, especially a protein, that is produced by living cells or organisms and is capable of causing disease when introduced into the body tissues but is often also capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies or antitoxins.
Ion: An atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons.
Atom: A unit of matter, the smallest unit of an element, having all the characteristics of that element and consisting of a dense, central, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of electrons.
Biochemical: of or relating to biochemistry; involving chemical processes in living organisms
Enzyme: Any of numerous proteins or conjugated proteins produced by living organisms and functioning as biochemical catalysts.
Ferment: Substances, such as a yeast, bacterium, mould, or enzyme, that causes fermentation.
Fermentation: Any of a group of chemical reactions induced by living or nonliving ferments that split complex organic compounds into relatively simple substances.
1. The chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life. In metabolism some substances are broken down to yield energy for vital processes while other substances, necessary for life, are synthesized.
2. The processing of a specific substance within the living body: water metabolism; iodine metabolism
Anabolic: characterized by or promoting constructive metabolism; "some athletes take anabolic steroids to increase muscle size temporarily"
Perspiration, Sweat: salty fluid secreted by sweat glands
Water: A clear, colourless, odourless, and tasteless liquid, H2O, essential for most plant and animal life and the most widely used of all solvents. Freezing point 0°C (32°F); boiling point 100°C (212°F); specific gravity (4°C) 1.0000; weight per gallon (15°C) 8.338 pounds (3.782 kilograms).
Molecule: The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms; a group of like or different atoms held together by chemical forces.
Fact...There are more molecules in one glass of water than there are grains of sand in the entire world!
Immune system: The integrated body system of organs, tissues, cells, and cell products such as antibodies that differentiates self from non-self and neutralizes potentially pathogenic organisms or substances.
Immunity: Inherited, acquired, or induced resistance to infection by a specific pathogen.
Autoimmunity: production of antibodies against the tissues of your own body; produces autoimmune disease or hypersensitivity reactions
Autoimmune disease: any of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissues
Endocrine: Of or relating to endocrine glands or the hormones secreted by them.
Ph: A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, numerically equal to 7 for neutral solutions, increasing with increasing alkalinity and decreasing with increasing acidity. The pH scale commonly in use ranges from 0 to 14.
acidity - pH values below 7neutrality - pH value of 7 alkalinity - pH values above 7
Electrolyte: A chemical compound that ionizes when dissolved to produce an electrically conductive medium.
Physiology Any of various ions, such as sodium, potassium, or chloride, required by cells to regulate the electric charge and flow of water molecules across the cell membrane.
Electrolytic: Of or relating to electrolysis. Produced by electrolysis. Of or relating to electrolytes.
Electrolysis: Chemical change, especially decomposition, produced in an electrolyte by an electric current.
Cell: The smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, consisting of one or more nuclei, cytoplasm, and various organelles, all surrounded by a semipermeable cell membrane.
Cell membrane: a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell; controls passage of substances in and out of the cell
Membrane: A thin, pliable layer of tissue covering surfaces or separating or connecting regions, structures, or organs of an animal or a plant.
Albumen: A class of simple, water-soluble proteins, that can be coagulated by heat and are found in blood serum, and many other animal and plant tissues.
Sodium potassium pump: A mechanism of active transport that moves potassium ions into and sodium ions out of a cell.
Potential: The work required to move a unit of positive charge, a magnetic pole, or an amount of mass from a reference point to a designated point in a static electric, magnetic, or gravitational field; potential energy.
Na 1 The symbol for the element sodium, a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt)
K+ The symbol for the element potassium
Cl The symbol for the element chlorine
Ca The symbol for the element calcium
nm Nanometer
nm - a metric unit of length equal to one billionth of a meter
Fluoride: Fluoride is a very toxic substance, which is why it is the active ingredient in a number of pesticides. Just over 2 grams of fluoride (roughly a teaspoon) is enough to kill a 160 pound adult, while just 300 mg is enough to kill a 20 pound child..
Allergy/Hypersensitivity to Fluoride: Allergic / Hypersensitive reactions to fluoride have been reported to include: skin rashes (e.g. dermatitis, urticaria, eczema); mouth lesions (canker sores); gastric distress; headache; joint pain; weakness; visual disturbances; and lethargy.
Fluoride & Arthritis: Excessive exposure to fluoride causes an arthritic disease called skeletal fluorosis.
Fluoride & Cancer: According to the National Toxicology Programme, "the preponderance of evidence" from laboratory 'in vitro' studies indicates that fluoride is a mutagen (a compound that can cause genetic damage).
It is generally accepted that if a substance can induce genetic damage there is a heightened risk that it could cause cancer as well.
Fluoride & the Gastrointestinal Tract: Gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g. nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting) are the most common early symptoms of acute fluoride poisoning.
A single ingestion of as little as 3 mg of fluoride, in carefully controlled clinical trials, has been found to produce damage to the gastric mucosa in healthy adult volunteers. No research has yet been conducted to determine the effect of lower doses with repeated exposure.
Fluoride & the Kidneys: The kidneys are responsible for ridding the body of ingested fluoride, and thereby preventing the buildup of toxic levels of fluoride in the body. In healthy adults, the kidneys are able to excrete approximately 50% of an ingested dose of fluoride.
However, in adults with kidney disease the kidneys may excrete as little as 10 to 20% of an ingested dose - thus increasing the body burden of fluoride and increasing an individual's susceptibility to fluoride poisoning.
Fluoride & Pineal Gland: It is now known, thanks to the meticulous research of Dr. Jennifer Luke from the University of Surrey in England, that the pineal gland is the primary target of fluoride accumulation within the body. The soft tissue of the adult pineal gland contains more fluoride than any other soft tissue in the body, a level of fluoride (~300 ppm) capable of inhibiting enzymes.
posted by CAHAYA MATAKU........ at 5:28 PM
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